This paper summarizes the methods of subcellular localization of plant proteins. Including fusion reporter gene mapping,immunohistochemical localization,co separation and marker enzyme assisted localization,proteomics location technology. The following table summarizes the subcellular localization methods of these four plant proteins.

Method	Principle	Advantage	Shortcoming
fusion reporter gene mapping	The target protein gene is fused with the reporter gene which is easy to detect, and the fusion gene expression vector is constructed to express the fusion protein. Then the target protein is located by the characteristics of the reporter gene expression product.	Easy to operate, strong applicability and short cycle. It can be applied to real-time location and dynamic research of living body. High sensitivity, high throughput.	The result of localization may be different from the distribution of protein in vivo: Too strong or too weak expression of fusion protein may lead to unclear localization results, especially for membrane proteins such as plasma membrane.
immunohistochemical localization	A method of detecting the position of target protein in cell by protein specific antibody.	It reflects the location of target protein in plant cells in vivo, and is the most direct and accurate method for location.	Immunohistochemistry method has a long experimental cycle, low efficiency, strong technical dependence, high throughput is difficult to achieve, it needs the specific antibody of the target protein.
co separation and marker enzyme assisted localization	In a specific part of a cell, there is often a high abundance or specific expression of a protein. Its enzyme activity can be used as a specific marker to identify this part, and this protein will become a marker enzyme of this part. After the target protein and the marker enzyme were separated, the specific antibody was used to detect the target protein by immunoblotting.	It reflects the location of target protein in plant cells in vivo, and is the most direct and accurate method for location.	It is generally required to use ultracentrifugation to separate cell components and maintain the activity of proteins in the separation process. It is difficult to match the appropriate specific marker enzyme.
proteomics location technology	Two dimensional electrophoresis is used to isolate proteins, and then mass spectrometry is used to identify proteins. Its enzyme activity can be used as a specific marker to identify this part, and this protein will become a marker enzyme of this part. After the target protein and the marker enzyme were separated, the specific antibody was used to detect the target protein by immunoblotting.	High throughput identification.	False positive is easy to appear. The quality requirements of purification are high and the technical conditions are strict.